The Role of Communities and Local Media in Promoting Primary Education Participation: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Nigeria

Abstract

Basic education is an essential foundation for the development of quality human resources. However, basic education participation in many developing countries, including Indonesia and Nigeria, still faces serious challenges influenced by economic, social, cultural, and political factors. This study aims to analyze comparatively the role of communities and local media in increasing primary education participation in both countries. The research uses a qualitative approach to design a literature study by analyzing documents from relevant journal articles, research reports, and international policies. Data is analyzed using content analyzis techniques, including reduction, categorization, and interpretation, to obtain systematic findings. The study results show that in Indonesia, communities play a role through cooperation, parent forums, and education care groups, while local media functions as a link of information that supports compulsory learning policies. In Nigeria, communities appear in village literacy forums and girls’ education advocacy movements, while local media, particularly community radio, serve as advocacy agents against patriarchal norms and the limitations of state policies. This study concludes that integrating communities and local media plays a significant role, although the strategies used differ according to socio-cultural conditions. The contribution of this research lies in the development of literature on non-governmental actors in education as well as practical recommendations for inclusive and sustainable policies.